Clarence (Lance) Gravlee

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Who Was Franz Boas?

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Related Publications

Gravlee, Clarence C., H. Russell Bernard, and William R. Leonard (2003). Heredity, environment, and cranial form: a re-analysis of Boas's immigrant data. American Anthropologist 105(1):125-138.

Gravlee, Clarence C., H. Russell Bernard, and William R. Leonard (2003).  Boas's Changes in Bodily Form: The immigrant study, cranial plasticity, and Boas's physical anthropology. American Anthropologist 105(2):326-332.

Holloway, Ralph L. (2002). Head to head with Boas: Did he err on the plasticity of head form? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(23): 14622-14623.

Relethford, John H. (2004). Boas and beyond: migration and craniometric variation. American Journal of Human Biology 16(4): 379-386.

Sparks, Corey S. and Richard L. Jantz (2003) Changing times, changing faces: Franz Boas’ Immigrant study in modern perspective. American Anthropologist 105(2):333-337.

Sparks, Corey S., and Richard L. Jantz (2002). A Reassessment of Human Cranial Plasticity: Boas Revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(23):14636-14639.


Selected Publications by Boas

Boas, F. (1894). The correlation of anatomical or physiological measurements. American Anthropologist, 7, 313-324.

Boas, F. (1899a). The cephalic index. American Anthropologist, 1(3), 448-461.

Boas, F. (1899b). Some recent criticisms of physical anthropology. American Anthropologist, 1(1), 98-106.

Boas, F. (1903). Heredity in head form. American Anthropologist, 5(3), 530-538.

Boas, F. (1907). Heredity in anthropometric traits. American Anthropologist, 9(3), 453-469.

Boas, F. (1910). Changes in bodily form of descendants of immigrants, United States Immigration Commission (p. 113). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

Boas, F. (1911). The mind of primitive man New York: The Macmillan Company.

Boas, F. (1912a). Changes in the bodily form of descendants of immigrants. American Anthropologist, n.s. 14, 530-562.

Boas, F. (1912b). Changes in bodily form of descendants of immigrants New York: Columbia University Press.

Boas, F., & Boas, H.M. (1913). The head-forms of the Italians as influenced by heredity and environment. American Anthropologist, 15(2), 163-188.

Boas, F. (1928). Materials for the study of inheritance in man New York: Columbia University Press.

Boas, F. (1936a). Effects of environment on immigrants and their descendants. Science, n.s. 84, 522-525.

Boas, F. (1936b). History and science in anthropology: A reply. American Anthropologist, 38, 137-141.

Boas, F. (1940a). Race, language, and culture New York: Macmillan.

Boas, F. (1940b). Changes in bodily form of descendants of immigrants. American Anthropologist, 42(2, Part 1), 183-189.



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